Why are even the most ‘European’ of our compatriots uneasy about the way the Union works? ‘Brussels’ seems like a shadow theatre, where citizens are spectators rather than actors. One day in December 1999, after a debate behind closed doors and without any prior consultation, the European Council suddenly declared that Turkey could join the European Union. Any objections? Move along, there is nothing to see; even the National Assembly was curtly refused a vote. Three months ago, Frits Bolkestein was unknown to 99.99999% of our compatriots. He proposed a ‘directive’: what is it about? We hear dreadful things about it, from the right and the left. If anybody has reservations, how are they to express them? A mystery. This is intolerable. This is the kind of Europe we do not want. Yet it is the same Europe that is turning the page with the Constitution, in order to give the citizens their rightful place: in the front row.
To understand an organisation, or a living being, we must go back to its birth. In the early days of European integration, in the 1950s, there was enormous distrust between leaders and there was still a terrible hatred between peoples. All decisions, therefore, had to be taken by government representatives. Not by just any of them: by the foreign ministers, whose negotiations were prepared by ambassadors. Since their Excellencies believed that every matter was a matter of state, meetings were held behind closed doors. And since national pride was at stake, important decisions could only be taken unanimously: you could not expect France to bow to a German ‘diktat’ supported by the Benelux countries! The daily management of the ‘common market’ was entrusted to a Commission conceived as a bench of experts who were chosen for their competence and promised to act independently of their national interests. MEPs interested in the European project were invited to hold debates but had no real input, as was already the custom in many international organisations, such as the Council of Europe, WEU and NATO: a social rite, like the Strauss waltzes that once graced the Congress of Vienna.
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