Those taking part in the work of the European Convention knew it and said so at the time: the success of the constitutional process called for no less than three political miracles.
The first was the emergence of a consensus among the members of the Convention themselves: how could 207 people, representing over two dozen countries and scores of national political parties, succeed where the fifteen Heads of Government failed at the Nice summit? Thanks to the method adopted, the spirit in which the work was conducted and the dexterity of Valéry Giscard d’Estaing, the first miracle occurred on 13 June 2003.
The second was the agreement subsequently given by the Governments to a text which took power over Europe away from them and conferred it on genuine Community authorities directly elected by the citizens of Europe – which Michel Barnier described jokingly as: ‘like asking turkeys to vote for Christmas’. It took sixteen more months, but on 29 October 2004 – a postponement of the feast meant that their respective successors would bear the consequences (the provisions on voting rights would apply in 2009, and on the new composition of the Commission in 2014) – the national leaders approved the draft Constitution.
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