Valéry Giscard d’Estaing is right: the outcome has far surpassed our expectations of eighteen months ago. Let us not underestimate the challenge that has had to be met in achieving consensus among the representatives of all political parties in all of the countries involved in the process of European integration: twenty-eight nations, each attached to its identity, its language and its long-standing or newly acquired independence, with a total population exceeding 500 million. The Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia brought together the representatives of 13 small states which spoke the same language, had never been separately independent and had just been transformed into a single nation of three million inhabitants following a common war of independence; the success of that Convention remains unparalleled, but the task facing the Europeans has been incomparably tougher.
Nevertheless, the final compromise was not based on the lowest common denominator but on the triumph of the founding fathers’ ideal, on the introduction of the community model across the board. The foundations have been laid for a different Europe.
The European Union is no longer a mere economic area with the corresponding political instruments but a genuine political union with a wider mission, endowed with effective and democratic institutions. The introduction of the Charter of Fundamental Rights and the use of the word ‘constitution’ epitomise this transformation.
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