Michèle Alliot-Marie likes to repeat, not without reason, that following the run of serious crises that shook the European Union in 2005, defence is without doubt one of the areas in which there is a chance of relaunching the European political project.
Of all the paradoxes that have marked the process of building Europe since its origins, that of defence is one of the most astonishing. In a dangerous world, nothing unites people more than the existence of a common enemy. At the height of the cold war, Western Europe found itself up against the worst imaginable enemy: the Soviet Union, which threatened us from without and within and was aiming apocalyptic weapons at our civilian populations. The fact that Jean Monnet had proposed the creation of a European Defence Community even before the very first European agreement on the Coal and Steel Community was implemented, therefore comes as no surprise. Yet on 30 August 1954, the French Parliament rejected that treaty, less for fear of too much European integration than because it still felt a huge distrust of Germany: less than ten years had passed since the Liberation.
For half a century, the rejection of the EDC meant that European integration was redirected towards civilian objectives – the market, currency, the free movement of persons, the environment, etc. – and the defence of the continent was entrusted to a larger alliance, NATO, heavily dominated by the American ‘big brother’. Surprisingly enough, that division of tasks survived the cold war. When the USSR fell apart, thereby consigning the Warsaw Pact to oblivion, NATO not only survived but took in Eastern Europe. The Americans, backed by the UK and most of our partners, continued vigorously seeking to maintain the Atlantic Alliance’s monopoly to defend the continent against the new threats of the post-cold war era. In the military area, in total contradiction with the subsidiarity principle, the European Union could therefore take action on secondary issues (sending the blue berets to faraway countries), but had no legal rights over the vital issue of defending Europe against common threats!
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